The Earths Need for Population Limitation Laws Essay

Earth’s population is increasing, and areas which are already home to millions are continuing to expand. As these cities continue to grow, when the population reaches a certain point it is referred to as a megacity, a megacity is a metropolitan area with a total population of 10 million plus. These megacities are so large that they are becoming out of control settlements, cities like Los Angeles and Tokyo are being forced to expand upwards due to having to accommodate for the thriving population. These cities are also faced with the issue of not having enough resources such as food and water to support the demand required. With megacities rampant growth with it bring a decline in the quality of life, to prevent this from getting worse laws†¦show more content†¦By doing this not only is it costly, but they must ensure that the water is shared with other smaller neighboring cities and rural areas. Just like Los Angeles, Tokyo, Japan is another example of how megacities are out of control settlements. Tokyo is located in the southern Kanto region, positioned in approximately the centre of the Japanese archipelago (islands that formed the country of Japan) (see appendix three). Toyko’s population in the metropolis as of 2012 was approximately 37.2 million people (Allianz, 2014). With such a high population in such a dense urban area these megacities are being forced to expand upwards in order to accommodate for the citizens (see appendix Three). However by doing this many risks are associated, for example, Tokyo sits on fault lines that make up a part of the Ring of Fire, meaning that there are high chances of natural disasters to occur at any time (The telegraph, 2011). Megan Linkin, a natural disaster expert from Swiss re states: This quotation is stating that due to Tokyo’s geographical placement that a natural disaster like earthquakes, tsunami’s or volcanic activty could occur at any given moment. So when a natural disaster does occur it is likely to result in a high number of collapsing buildings and other infrastructure which were designed for large numbers of residents. This will result in a large number of casualties’ and because of theShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Cost For Pursuing Sustainable Development1374 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains two key concepts: 1. the concept of needs 2. the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment s ability to meet present and future needs This project focus was on researching the economic cost for pursuing sustainable development. Our research analysis was conductedRead MoreWhy Mncs Are Important For The World1003 Words   |  5 Pagesthat would enable us to solve some of these world’s problems. Existing organizations have shown that they cannot meet these challenges and solve the problems. We need to create a new social tool, and a new organizational form. From the existing MNCs, the larger ones are the most powerful and flexible. But can we create the kind of MNCs we need? â€Å"Powerful tools can be dangerous†. The world till 2050 is predicted to be turbulent and full of conflict. Armed conflicts now involve nearly 60 nations and theRead MoreThe Massive Exploitation Of The Earth s Resources1101 Words   |  5 PagesThe massive exploitation of the earth’s resources for economic gain in the late 19th and early 20th century, caused huge devastation to the land and its natural habitat: disrupted the balance to an even larger scale than early agrarian societies. Partial due to this was the great divorce or the great separation of man and nature. When early civilization was starting out the separation began to see the land and nature as a source of great benefit and later on as a source of wealth. Majority of thoseRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World1235 Words   |  5 Pagesas concluded by Guy S. Callender, but deforestation and the growing hole in the ozone layer also play a role in global warming (Is Human Activity). All of these factors combine to create global warming, and they continue to threaten the general population of Earth. Weather patterns and the environment are severely affected by global warming, and these effects can lead to problems that are even more serious. The changing climate has lead to a change in the location and frequency of weather patternsRead MoreWhat The Two Basic Types Of Feedback Loops Are Positive Feedback2986 Words   |  12 Pagesof clouds in the earth’s atmosphere results in more light rays from the sun being deflected back into space, which causes cooling of the earth. As temperatures lower back down, precipitation increases, cloud systems dissipate, and the temperature will begin to rise once more. 2. Explain exponential growth and doubling time; why are these two concepts important? †¢ Exponential growth is a model that describes population growth in which the growth rate increases as the population size rises. The classicRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1727 Words   |  7 Pageswildly popular. People are put into different jobs based on their genes. For example, people with less genetic â€Å"flaws†, or so-called â€Å"valids†, are given professional jobs, whereas the ones with more â€Å"flaws† are given menial labor jobs. However, the laws that are set to deter genetic discrimination are often looked over, and genetic discrimination is rampant (Source B). This therefore gives unequal chances for people such as Vincent Freeman, who was denied a proper job until he decided to literallyRead MoreThe Climate Crisis And Its Effects On The Environment1428 Words   |  6 Pageseconomic, religious, and environmental tensions and conflicts to surface. At this moment in history a great transitional worldview needs to take place, but is depressingly out of reach, and humankind seems woefully unprepared/interested to confront monumental challenges and change. The climate change crisis directly affects planetary boundaries, ecological cycles, and limitations on a domestic and international level. It is no secret that anthropogenic motives are causing climate change and harming theRead MorePolitics And The Economy Are Usually The Main Reasons Behind1508 Words   |  7 Pages Politics and the economy are usually the main reasons behind our thoughts about environmental issues and destruction, likewise, we tend to think that implementing laws and rules are the only way to fix those issues. However, as Joseph Wood Krutch, an American writer and an environmentalist who was awarded the National Book Award for his nature books on the American Southwest, mentioned is his book: â€Å"If people destroy something replaceable made by mankind, they are called vandals; if they destroyRead MoreLiving in the Environment 16th Edition Chapter Review and Vocabulary6220 Words   |  25 Pages2010 Practice Questions – Chapter 1 Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Describe what is meant by the phrase â€Å"an environmentally sustainable society† as related to the human population. Distinguish between (a) natural capital (b) natural resources (c) natural services (d) solar capital (e) natural capital degradation. What is the difference between economic growth and economic development? Describe two basic ways that economicRead MoreObserving Stars Essay2772 Words   |  12 Pageslight and distances, the light arriving at us would have left the object many years ago, so that looking at a far away star is much like looking back in time. Scientific observation of the stars is difficult because of the distorting effect of the Earths atmosphere. One problem is atmospheric refraction-where light is bent. Turbulent air currents cause varying refractive indices, as there is no uniform air density. This causes an effect called scintillation, where stars appear to twinkle. The effect

Organizational Behavior Trends - 1159 Words

Introduction Organizational Behavior is the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations. Organizational Culture is the basic pattern of common assumptions, values, and beliefs leading the way employees within an organization think about and act on problems and opportunities. Organizational Trends are patterns of change over time in some variable of interest. In this paper we will evaluate two trends in organizational behavior. The influence of ethics on decision-making and the impact of technology on work-related stress will be examined. Organizational Behavior Trends There are several trends in Organizational Behavior. One trend is globalization. Globalization requires corporate decision makers to be†¦show more content†¦It is a state characterized by high levels of arousal and distress and often by feelings of not coping. (www.eiro.eurofound) Work-related stress is a serious issue at many companies. Ideally, people should be aware of their stress levels and communicate stressful situations to their employer before stress develops into a problem. For this to happen, employers need to ensure that the organizational culture is one in which employees can openly and comfortably talk about work-related stress without repercussion. There are many components that make up stress. With the world of technology racing news and information around the world as quick as we can blink, many more organizations are becoming sophisticated in applying information technologies. Eventually, developments in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) the study of how computers can be programmed to think like the human brain, will allow computers to displace many decision makers. Nobel Laureate and decision scientist Herbert Simon is convinced that computers will someday be more intelligent than humans. (Schermerhorn, Hunt and Osborn, 2003, pg.19) How does that make you feel knowing that one-day a computer could replace your job? Could that be a component of to you? There are always two sides to any debate; the one on stress is no exception. Is being stressed a sign of weakness within your job indicating that you can no longer handle it or is beingShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior Trends1619 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior Trends Outline: 1. Definition of OB and related terminologies. 2. Role of decision making in OB environments. 3. Conflicts involved in decision making processes in organizations. 4. Rifts between managerial level staff and operations level workforce. 5. Stakeholders in decision making in a corporate hierarchy. 6. Self-inflicted ethical dilemmas and differences, causes for it. 7. Values and goals affecting causing ethical dilemmas in OB 8. Globalization and its strategic alliancesRead More Organizational Behavior Trends Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior Trends Outline: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Definition of OB and related terminologies. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Role of decision making in OB environments. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conflicts involved in decision making processes in organizations. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rifts between managerial level staff and operations level workforce. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stakeholders in decision making in a corporate hierarchy. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Self-inflicted ethical dilemmas and differences, causes for it. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Values and goals affecting causing ethical dilemmas in OB Read More Organizational Ethical Behavior Trends Essay1851 Words   |  8 PagesOrganizational Ethical Behavior Trends Value motivated ethical leadership is needed today. The world has such a diverse work force today, and managers must develop and empower workers to achieve organizational goals. One develops his or her ethics from his or her culture, ethnic background, and religious beliefs. This paper discusses the importance of ethics and technology in the managerial decision making process and work related stress. The influence of ethics on decision making EthicsRead MoreThe Changing Workforce Is One of the Emerging Trends in Organizational Behavior. Describe How the Workforce Is Changing and Briefly Identify Two Consequences of These Changes for Organizations.852 Words   |  4 PagesThe basic of organizational behavior (OB) is how individual behave in an organization related to its work settings (McShane, Olekalns and Travaglione, 2013). In a shifting business environment, managing of workforce has been of huge concerned and OB has offered contributions in managing workforce over the years. Globally workforce is changing rapidly for reasons such as the labour force is growing older, workforce are becoming diverse, changers in workers attitudes and labour shortages (Weick andRead MoreEssay on Organizational Behavior1070 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior In todays high demanding world it is important for employees to understand the framework of their company. For an employee to be truly successful, they must have an understanding of organizational behavior, culture and diversity, communication, effectiveness and efficiency, and learning. Read MoreThe Impact Of Applied And Behaviorist Psychology On The Field Of Psychology1327 Words   |  6 Pages What persons or ideas in early behaviorism would carry out the trend that Angell predicted? During the nineteenth century, most psychologists viewed the emergence of functionalism as being evolutionary rather than revolutionary. Therefore, the primary difference was in the subject matter of their study; while structuralism attempted to examine and describe regulations concerning psychological practices, functionalism was the trend that was considered to be more teleological challenging, and focusedRead MoreCommunication in Business in Changing External Environments1147 Words   |  5 Pagesthe degree to which an organization’s external environment has an abundance or scarcity of critical organizational resources.       2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How do the characteristics of changing environments affect uncertainty? Environmental change, environmental complexity, and resource scarcity affect environmental uncertainty, which is how well managers can understand or predict the external changes and trends affecting their businesses. Environmental uncertainty is lowest when environmental change and environmentalRead MoreEssay on Organizational Behavior in Criminal Justice1046 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior in Criminal Justice CJA/510 January 10, 2011 Brian Robinson Organizational behavior in a criminal justice agency is the way in which employees and their superiors interact amongst themselves and with one another both positively and negatively. Organizational behavior itself is the study of social conduct as it relates to the confines of a specific group. It is the study of how an individual or group interacts with one another and the dynamics of the personal relationshipsRead MoreHow Is The Organization Described? The Case Study?1265 Words   |  6 Pagesan organization with great culture crisis, the story in the study screams culture problems in the organization where employees are fired, many policy and procedures changes at without prior notice to them. 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Making the Right Choice free essay sample

We’ve all heard it – probably even answered it before, and in most cases, we promptly forgot about the question until it was raised again: if you could have any superpower you wanted, what would you have? Usually, when this happens we just pick another clichà ©d and generic superpower, like teleportation, super strength, or invisibility, probably a different one than last time it was asked. So I’ve decided to really think this through. And after mulling it over a bit, I think I’d like to be able to remake any decision I’ve ever made.Why would I choose that? Well, I’m a lazy person. Some of you might’ve heard, â€Å"With great power comes great responsibility.† I’d like to keep that responsibility to a minimum. Having some selfish superpower that only really affects me allows me to be free from the role of hero. It’s just something that could help with day-to-day life, like fixing my answer on a test or buying better Christmas presents. We will write a custom essay sample on Making the Right Choice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The power is easy to hide and allows me to shirk responsibilities. People can’t exactly pester me about doing something for them either, because they know that a.) I can’t (and probably won’t) do anything about their problems and b.) I could change my decision of even looking at that person in the first place.Being able to undo decisions could be a lifesaver as well. Let’s say I drop my keys while crossing the road. I bend down to pick them up, and I get hit by a car. If only I could’ve waited for two or three more seconds†¦ Oh wait – I looked both ways before picking it up. I never got hit in the first place. Or maybe I get lost in the wilderness while hiking. Well, I brought along a map with me, the trail was pretty easy to find before I could wander off too far.How would my power work? I’d like to leave myself with a moderate degree of flexibility, but basically, it’d work by me thinking about which decision to change, going into the memory, and changing the past. Then I’d zip right back to the present, only a millisecond later in present time. As I’ve demonstrated, being able to undo any of your decisions would be really useful. It wouldn’t work out as a â€Å"hero power,† but knowing me I think that’s better. Costumes are blistering hot, especially in the Florida sun. So I didn’t choose the hero path. I like to think I chose something more â€Å"my pace.† With this power, I can live a regret-free life, full of good decisions and no mistakes.

Literary Analysis Of The Scarlet Letter Essays -

Literary Analysis of The Scarlet Letter In chapter 20 of Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel The Scarlet Letter, Hester and Dimmesdale plan to leave the colony on the fourth day en route for the Old World. Dimmesdale's decision to leave with Hester fills him with a sense of freedom from his place of torture, Boston. By creating false hopes for the future, he relinquishes his suffering from his guilt conscience. When Dimmesdale returns from the forest, he is not sure that the recent event with Hester and Pearl was really true. But seeing and Hester and Pearl revives his dreams of a better future together. Their meeting has changed him; he sees everything differently. Suddenly he feels the freedom to do things that he might have done before. He meets several people along the way home in which he has impulses to do wick and evil things. The first person he meets is the one of the oldest Deacons of his congregation. He is tempted to say evil things about the Communion Supper, one of the most scared of Puritan churches. Dimmesdale continues onward and meets the eldest female member of his church. He again is tempted to tell her an unanswerable argument against the immortality of the human soul. The next person he meets is the youngest female member of his parish. He has to restrain himself from whispering wick and evil things that might mislead her. Next, he meets a group of young Puritan children. He must stop himself from teaching them "evil words." He walks onward and meets a "drunken seamen" from the ship on which he will sail. He wants greets the sailor and preach to him. He again restrains himself. The last person he meets is Mistress Hibbins. She wants know if he had been with the "Black Man" in the forest. Dimmesdale responds to her that he was with his friend, Apostle Eliot. Hibbins does not believe him. Dimmesdale arrives home and realizes his house looks strange and different. Moments later, Chillingsworth arrives at his door asking about his health. The minister informs the physician that he no longer needs his medical drugs. His tone of voice tells the old man that he no longer a "trusted friend" but how his "bitterest enemy." After Chillingsworth leaves, Dimmesdale composes an inspired sermon for the Election Sermon. Dimmesdale's wick and unusual actions comes from the sense of freedom he believes he has. His views of his surroundings are different because he believes he is different. He feels that since he is has broken some many laws, that it is his obligation to continue to be evil. And evil he became. English III Honors

Skill and Nigerian Tertiary Institutions Essay Example

Skill and Nigerian Tertiary Institutions Essay Example Skill and Nigerian Tertiary Institutions Essay Skill and Nigerian Tertiary Institutions Essay The provision of decree 47 of 8th October, 1971 empower the industrial training fund (ITF), a human resource development organization to promote and encourage the acquisition of skills and commerce with a view generating the pool of indigenous trained man power sufficient to meet the need of Nigerian economy. To set and control standard of excellence and effectiveness in and offer direct training of professionals, technicians, technologists and entrepreneurs to meet human resource need for industrialization and sustainable economic development of Nigerian relying on a corp of highly motivated and competent professional staffs using best of breed training techniques and modern technology. In view of this, ITF established SIWES in 1973 to solve the problems of lack of adequate practical skills preparatory for employment in industries by Nigerian graduates of tertiary institutions. The skills exposes students to industry based skills necessary for smooth transition from the classroom to the world of work. It offers students of tertiary institutions the opportunity of being exposed familiarized and exposed to the needed experience in the real time job demands. 1. 1 SIWES BY DEFINITION The students industrial work experience scheme(SIWES) is a skill acquisition training programme that forms part of the minimum academic requirement standards in various degree programs of the Nigerian tertiary institutions, it helps students to put what they have learnt theoretically into in class into practice in the real problem world. . 2 AIMS OF SIWES The SIWES scheme is aimed at exposing students to real life working environment, enabling them to put into practice what they have learnt in class, making them understand the technical implication of their profession as well as teaching them competence, standard and professionalism. 1. 3 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES The main objectives of SIWES are to: * Prepare students for the work situation they are likely to meet after graduation. * Crave way for students of Nigerian tertiary institutions to cquire industrial skills and experience in the course of study. * Expose students to industry based skills necessary for a smooth transition from the classroom to the world of work. * Boost students confidence and give them the experience on how to relate with different class of people and make decision in a real working environment. * Strengthens the entire educational process of preparing graduates of Nigerian tertiary institutions for employment in industries.

The Jameson Raid, December 1895

The Jameson Raid, December 1895 The Jameson Raid was an ineffective attempt to overthrow President Paul Kruger of the Transvaal Republic in December 1895. There are several reasons why the Jameson Raid took place. Tens of thousand of uitlanders had settled in the Transvaal following the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886. The influx threatened the political independence of the recently formed republic (negotiated at the 1884 London Convention, three years after the 1st Anglo-Boer War). Transvaal relied on revenue generated by the gold mines, but the government refused to grant the uitlanders the franchise, and kept upping the period required to qualify for citizenship.The Transvaal government was considered to be excessively conservative over economic and industrial policy, and the various non-Afrikaner mining magnates in the region desired a greater political voice.There was a significant level of distrust between the Cape Colony government and that of the Transvaal republic over Krugers attempt to claim control of Bechuanaland in contravention of the 1884 London Convention. The region was subsequently declared a British protectorate. Leander Starr Jameson, who lead the raid, had first arrived in Southern Africa in 1878, lured by the discovery of diamonds near Kimberley. Jameson was a qualified medical doctor, known to his friends (including Cecil Rhodes, one of the founders of the De Beers Mining Company who became premier of Cape Colony in 1890) as Dr Jim. In 1889 Cecil Rhodes formed the British South Africa (BSA) Company, which was given a Royal Charter, and with Jameson acting as emissary, sent a Pioneer Column across the Limpopo River into Mashonaland (what is now the northern part of Zimbabwe) and then into Matabeleland (now south-west Zimbabwe and parts of Botswana). Jameson was given the post of administrator for both regions. In 1895 Jameson was commissioned by Rhodes (now prime minister of Cape Colony) to lead a small mounted force (around 600 men) into the Transvaal to support an expected uitlander uprising in Johannesburg. They departed from Pitsani, on the Bechuanaland (now Botswana) border on 29 December. 400 Men came from the Matabeleland Mounted Police, the rest were volunteers. They had six Maxim guns and three light artillery pieces. The uitlander uprising failed to materialize. Jamesons force made first contact with a small contingent of Transvaal soldiers on 1 January, who had blocked the road to Johannesburg. Withdrawing during the night, Jamesons men tried to outflank the Boers, but were finally forced to surrender on 2 January 1896 at Doornkop, approximately 20km west of Johannesburg. Jameson and various uitlander leaders were handed over to British authorities in the Cape and sent back to the UK for trial in London. Initially they were convicted of treason and sentenced to death for their part in the plan, but the sentences were commuted to heavy fines and token prison stays - Jameson served only four months of a 15 month sentence. The British South Africa Company was required to pay nearly  £1 million in compensation to the Transvaal government. President Kruger gained much international sympathy (the Transvaals David verses the Goliath of the British empire), and bolstered his political standing at home (he won the 1896 presidential election against a strong rival Piet Joubert) because of the raid. Cecil Rhodes was forced to retire as prime minister of the Cape Colony, and never truly regained his prominence, although he negotiated a peace with various Matabele indunas in his fiefdom of Rhodesia. Leander Starr Jameson returned to South Africa in 1900, and after the death of Cecil Rhodes in 1902 took over leadership of the Progressive Party. He was elected prime minister of the Cape Colony in 1904 and lead the Unionist Party after the Union of South Africa in 1910. Jameson retired from politics in 1914 and died in 1917.

The Path to Be A Financial Planer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Path to Be A Financial Planer - Essay Example That is true, and I don’t want to be a corrupt official. Before I went to this school, I realized that I had to think of something good as I must decide to choose a major which is related with my future career. After much consideration and consultation with my parents, I finally chosen finance and investment. I decided to learn business not only because of my father who is my idol as a businessman, but also because I believe it can offer you higher salaries that could allow me to live a comfortable life. However, the question of choosing the major was still an issue to b resolved. The most conversant career that I know is the financial planner. In high school, my teacher Mrs. Fang in China informed us a lot of about our majors. Of course, I heard a lot about my profession which I am most interested in. She told us the major subject always provide you an opportunity to train as future professional financial planners in the after graduation. We can work at security companies, insurance companies, banks, investment advisory companies, asset management companies, futures companies, fund companies, and other financial enterprises as financial advisers, financial planners, industry analysts, account managers, counter staffs, and other positions in the company can operate within the financial planning process. Furthermore, my teacher told me that it is easy to find a job as a graduate who learns the finance major. Among them, I selected financial planner. However, it is still difficult for me to decide to be an entrepreneur or an employee. At the time I chose my major, I decided to study in America as it is easy to find a job. Then I successfully entered the university, and was admitted to the major I am now - finance and investment. However, the cost of learning in America shocked me. Calculating the cost of $477 per undergraduate credit hour, I would pay $ 14,306 just in tuition as a full time student,

The potential of a Singapore Signature Treatment Dissertation

The potential of a Singapore Signature Treatment - Dissertation Example The paper tells that the tourism industry is very huge in Asia especially in South East Asia where a lot of tourists flock the region to enjoy. As a result, these tourists need to be treated and afforded quality services. There are various forms of relaxation and some of these methods include swimming, sightseeing and personalized services. Over the years, the personalized services industry has grown tremendously to include more specialized services such as foot messages or even hair treatment. One of the industries where people look for personalized services is the Spa industry. Singapore is one of the countries whereby Spas are operated by professionals who are recognized globally. Several top notch beauty companies have set up operations in Singapore as part of their strategy in tapping the Singapore market. Several established companies such as Mintel oxygen have produced reports that have shown that one of the reasons that stop people from paying for spas is the lack of appeal a nd this concept applies both on visual effect and treatment menu. As a result it is necessary to develop special treatment which is recognized in the Singapore market and the globe. Several countries such as Thailand and India have developed signature treatments that have attracted a lot of consumers. Due to the high completion in the Spa industry it is prudent for a country or region to a unique selling point that will attract customers the attention of customers. Therefore, Singapore should be geared towards development of a unique Spa experience in tandem with companies such as Decleor. The use of natural ingredients without preservatives and essential oils has had the result of easy penetration to the skin and therefore acting as an effective way of curing heart conditions. The combination of the highly skilled tourism industry in

The Personal Statement Instruction Essay Example for Free

The Personal Statement Instruction Essay Question 1 Focus: Academic Preparation Question: What is your intended major? Discuss how your interest in the field developed and describe any experience you have had in the field such as volunteer work, internships and employment, participation in student organizations and activities and what you have gained from your involvement. My early academic requirements such as grammar school and middle school years were spent studying in China. I never wavered in my commitment to do my best academically because in China, if you do not have good grades in school, your future would not be bright. My middle school education was finished in the United States. After, I went on to attend four years of high school.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After High School, I enrolled in general courses at Pasadena City College. I am an average student with average grades but a burning passion to learn and draw. I joined various school activities that allow me to hone my architectural skills. I have almost completed all the general courses that I have to take. I am hoping to be able to attend more advanced classes and hone my skills further at your university. I am a very patient person who has the determination to succeed in the field that I have chosen. I have been developing my portfolio of architectural designs over a number of years now. I have also been an active member of various clubs and organizations in Pasadena City College where my design skills are often put to good use. Question 2 Focus: Potential to Contribute Question: Tell us about a talent, experience, contribution or personal quality you will bring to the University of California. *   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am a friendly person by nature. This is why I would like to be an active participant in school events and politics. I was raised with strong convictions and beliefs about life peoples rights. It is my wish to help the world become united in friendship. I would like to develop my leadership abilities by joining school civic groups and the student council. The school has a large campus and there is always work to be done. I would like to make sure that the student body is always an active participant in the programs that the school has designed to help build character and confidence in a person. College is the happiest time in a students life. I fully intend to enjoy my campus life to the fullest and bring my closest friends and classmates along for the life-changing ride. During my first few weeks at the new school, I expect that I will be joining social activities that will help me blend in with the student body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I want to join in the civic efforts of the university. I would like to join Habitat for Humanity and help build homes in various parts of the United States. I will continue attending workshops and seminars as well that relate to fine arts and architectural designing. I believe that these seminars help me towards gaining a better understanding of the work that I want to do in the future. I am a highly imaginative person. I always want to be kept abreast of the latest design trends and future concepts. So I will want to spend every spare moment I have gaining the knowledge that I will need. I would like to start an architecture organization on campus. The main objective of this club will be to gather the architecture students and even those students who are not enrolled in architecture but have a love for design and concepts and give them an avenue in which to have a free exchange of ideas. We can have weekend outings where in we can tour the city and visit various architectural landmarks. Perhaps even attend seminars as a group as well. I have had encouraging feedback from the seminar and workshop conductors. They give me the courage and will to go on and see this dream through to the end. I know that the line of study I have chosen is in an area where one has to always be up to date and thinking ahead. This is why I will excel in this field. I am a highly imaginative person and I believe my concepts are far ahead of its time. I have a very keen interest in urban design and architecture. It is my ambition to become a highly competent and popular urban designer or architect known for excellence worldwide. Question 3 Focus: Open-Ended Question Question: Is there anything you would like us to know about you or your academic record that you have not had the opportunity to describe elsewhere in this application? *   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am Dong Chen. I am currently enrolled as an architectural student at Pasadena City College. I have been living in the United States for a large number of years now. I came to the United States by way of China where I was born and partially raised. My parents value education highly even though they themselves are not university graduates. My brother and I will be the first two in our family to graduate with college degrees.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My family moved to the United States when I was still an adolescent. They have political reasons for the move. Mother and father wanted my brother and I to have a good future so they insisted on us going to good schools They were able to afford our education, a simple apartment and some amenities in life for the family. Mother works as a rank and file employee at a printing factory while father works a chef.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My brother is based in San Diego. He has already finished college. He attended university classes at the University of California San Diego. He graduated with a major in Computer Science. He is currently completing his Masters Degree as a student in Cal-State-San Diego.   He is my role model and I always pattern my life after his.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Once I become a student at this university, I will make sure that the chance that has been given to me will not be wasted. I will strive to excel in my field and make sure that I am always at the service of the school and the student body. I can be an adviser to the new Chinese students who are still adjusting to their new life in the USA.

Theodore Roosevelt: A Pioneer for the Environment Essay example -- Gre

I have always been fond of the West African proverb: â€Å"Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.† Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt, the first Cowboy environmentalist. A man who would inspire generations of outdoorsmen to protect their local and national wilderness for their own children, so that they might one day hunt, fish, and hike those the same hillsides. Roosevelt was born in 1858 into a wealthy family with good connections in New York City. Since Theodore was a sickly kid, he spent a great part of his childhood on his own, collecting small wildlife specimens. He was motivated by a love of the outdoors, spending long hours observing and cataloging local insects and birds. He often described himself as lacking in education compared to other children, due to the fact that he spent so much time out of school. Yet at age nine he wrote an essay titled, â€Å"The Natural History of Insects.† He became a master at observation, a skilled hunter, and was clearly inspired by the amazing gifts of his outdoor world. Theodore overcame his childhood health issues, and was even a top boxer at Harvard. He graduated in 1880 and headed towards law school at Columbia - for a couple of terms. But the political life was calling to him, and he ditched Columbia to become a New York State assemblyman. One of the key lessons of Roosevelt took from his college years was that while a man must take individual responsibility for leading a good life and building his own future, all humans must have a collective responsibility for each other. Otherwise our society would risk disintegrating into â€Å"a riot of lawless business individualism which would be quite as destructive to real civilization as the lawless military individual... ...e have the knowledge that so many people who came before us lacked†¦ now we must muster the courage to use it. It’s time. Works Cited Donahue, Bill. â€Å"Beauty and the Badlands.† Sierra Mar. 2002: 34-43. Environment Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2009. Dustin, Daniel L., and Ingrid E. Schneider. â€Å"Collaborative Conflict Resolution at Devils Tower National Monument.† P & R July 2001: 80-85. Environment Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2009. Jensen, Mari N. â€Å"Coming of Age at 100: Renewing the National Wildlife Refuge System.† BioScience 53.4 (2003): 321-27. Environment Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2009. Lewis, James G. â€Å"Roosevelt, Theodore.† Encyclopedia of World Environmental History. Environment Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2009. Meine, Curt. â€Å"Roosevelt, Conservation, and the Revival of Democracy.† Conservation Biology 4 Aug. 2001: 829-31. Environment Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2009.

Siddhartha Dualism vs Monoism

Western thought also states that e must live moral and just lives, free of sin. If I had to decide which philosophy is more forgiving and nurturing towards people, I would have to say that the Eastern realm of thought is less biased than the Western thought. Although I do not believe in a certain faith or god, Eastern thought appeals to me greater as opposed to the biased Western thought. The divine nature of the Eastern faith is more lenient and clear on underlying their concept and principles of a moral life. Western philosophy, as stated before is more biased towards its own beliefs.Western thought states that in order to reach salvation, you must follow the bible and live by Its guidelines and that you only get one chance at redemption and that everything else Is evil and a sure way to damnation. Eastern thought Is more lenient towards achieving the ultimate goal. Monism states that you don't have to be a monk or a spiritual man to achieve salvation but you can learn to achieve s alvation introspectively through your own way. Where as Dualism weighs people on sin, Monism weighs people based on Karma. Karma is the basic concept that every action will have an equal reaction in the future.Dualism states that we are all Judged by our Karma. Monism is clearer on the cycle of life and says that our Karma will determine what we will be reincarnated as. Western thought however states that we are weighed by our bad actions and that we only get one more chance at redemption or we do not reach salvation at all. To sum It up, monism has a very forgiving policy on redemption. In Western faith, It Is said that after one has parted from the physical world, he or he shall be Judged by the ultimate Judger to see If he or she Is worthy of salvation.In Eastern faith, once one has parted into the spirit world and has reached enlightenment, he or she shall live in everlasting bliss and get answers to all his or he questions. In all honesty, I think the afterlife is an illusion a nd that once we part from this world, it's over. The afterlife seems to be a little farfetched and too vague for it to be true. And even if there are spirits resembling about, we never seem to see them come alive. Eastern thought however seems a little more reasonable and self- explanatory rather than the west's notion of the afterlife.There are many deferent faiths in this world that millions believe in. Religion is a very powerful, very influential force in the world. There are many different view, different morals and different guidelines. One thing they all have in common Is the goal to reach salvation In an unknown afterlife. There are many evils that come from religion but good can also come from It as well. No belief Is true, there Is no one proper way how to live one's life. Society may set the laws and regulations that

Like A Flag in the Wind We are One

Stop. Tell the driver to pause and command the tires to be silent. Make sure everyone is quiet and not fidgeting. Direct those who are waving to cease wagging their hands and let them glance for a quick second at this still moment-in-time and think. Look. Examine the picture. Why is everyone saying goodbye? Is it because waving is an acceptable folkway that has now become clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and is just an easy way out when parting? Why are those who have raised hands crying? What is causing such emotion to be stirred in so many all at once? Why do I feel the same way? Camp comes once a year. One week of late nights, talking, fellowship with other believers and close encounters with God. Camp is another world; a place unlike home. However, that yellow school bus always brings us back to reality, reminding us that this oasis is only temporary. Yet despite camp's brevity, its memories will always dwell in the back of my mind, always moving, breathing, living. They are translated into ink and laid out onto paper but they are animated in my mind – looping in my memory. I am inundated in the recollection of their faces. They are here with me. Now I sit. I sit looking at these photos by myself, but this one stands out. It was the last day of camp and a grey day at that. Everyone was saying their last goodbyes. We already missed one another. At the time, I don't think we realized that we would be together soon; camp would only be a year away and the winter retreat a mere six months. But who thinks of that at the time? Who reflects on such details when so overcome with emotion? That's what pictures are for: to look back and rethink situations, to clear your head and to revisit and understand past circumstances. Now looking back I understand and am at peace – I will see them soon. This realization excites me; the thought of seeing their faces enthuses me like the thought of a warm summer day. Once again we will have the chance to talk about and worship Jesus and not hold anything back. It is seldom that I get the chance to have companionship with other Christians and to be in an environment where everyone's focus is on God. Times like these I savor; slowly nibbling a piece of chocolate – sweet and smooth -letting it melt on my tongue. But like any piece of chocolate, there is an end to it. Goodbye waves and driveways are in inevitable. However, when we go home, our relationship with our God stays the same; we are still followers of Jesus – only now swimming up stream. Yet we do this together; we may not be side by side but we all love our God simultaneously. I can still remember the warm kiss of the sun dancing on my arm; the sensation of relaxation and comfort came down from the sky and hugged me, masking the inner sadness I had welling up inside. Yet, looking back at this picture, I can now remember also a great sense of confidence, knowing I was and am not alone in sharing the gospel of Jesus Christ; those on the ground I was waving goodbye to and those whom I was sitting with on the bus all have the same purpose. This picture is a monument – lasting evidence, a reminder and an example of a great and notable event in my life: camp. It was a place where I became closer to God and made many marvelous friends. I will miss my brethren but despite the reality of our separation, there is comfort. There is comfort in knowing I will see them soon and until then we share the same purpose in unity. We don't have to be physically together in order to be brothers and sisters in Christ. We are connected by a common denominator: God. So tell those who are waving to stop†¦ pause†¦ realize†¦ We may not be united in close proximity, but like a flag in the wind we are one.

buy custom Waiting for Superman essay

buy custom Waiting for Superman essay Davis Guggenheim, in the documentary Waiting for Superman, brings to light the corrupted and broken educational system of America. He says that the educational system is heading downhill, causing more harm than good, or suppressing growth, which it should enable anyway. In this documentary, he uses the Superman figure as the Superhero, or someone that should come along and save the educational system and the country at large from stunted growth and subsequent collapse. Waiting for Superman, released in 2010, is a documentary that sets out to unveil the causes of problems in the current educational system, and how it is producing children who are less educated. Moreover, it foresees an even worse scenario with the lapse of time if superman does not save the occasion. Therefore, Guggenheim explains that some of the factors, that affect childrens education, range from broken homes, availability of good education, and jobless or single parents. To make it clear, he concentrates on five children and their desperate families, who experience these challenges first-hand. He brings you even closer to what they experience through personal interviews with the children and their families, and makes an evaluation of how these factors directly affect their educational performances. The children on the spotlight are Bianca, a child in kindergarten and the first grade student, Francisco, who have both applied to Harlem Success Academy. The other children on observ ation are fifth grade students Daisy and Anthony; and an eighth grade student, Emily, who is at Silicon Valley. Anthony of Washington D.C does not live with his mother or father. Instead, his grandmother, Gloria, is the only guardian he knows. Ms. Gloria explains explicitly in the documentary there was no choice of a better school for her grandson. She loves him so much and she would do anything for him, even take him to the best school if she could. It is only unfortunate that there is no choice-option of a better school in the neighborhood. Bianca, on the other hand, has very big dreams. She wants to be a doctor, or a nurse. However, the challenge is that the parents are struggling so much financially My dad is struggling because he doesnt have a job, and my mom is also trying to get a job. Essentially, this cuts off her parents ability to take her to a private school. Firstly, after having a critical look at the theme of this documentary, it has become clear that the major issue, or the matter of concern, is the quality of education that the students get at school. Do the students get relevant knowledge that is necessary to develop skills for a good career? Guggenheim explains in the documentary that this is most unlikely because of overcrowding in public schools, which does not allow for a more interpersonal relationship between teachers and their students. Secondly, the system does facilitate teachers professional growth. On the contrary, it retains teachers who perform poorly. Consequently, these less performing teachers migrate from one school to another in a scene known as Lemon Dance. From the documentary, a student asks their teacher, are you just going to sit there or are you going to teach us? This is just a snap shot of what the students go through, once the teachers are sure that they cannot lose their job under whatever circumstance. Therefore, whether they teach their students or not, it does not really matter. They will still receive payment, and cannot be fired, as the educational system dictates. Moreover, in the 1990s charter schools emerged. In more often situations, these schools produce excellent results, and are the reasons why most people flock and apply for opportunities to have their children go to charter schools. The secret behind these schools excellent results is that they are run independently from other district schools, and not by the rules that govern other educational institutions. The teachers in these schools are more determined to give results, and spend extra time with their students as opposed to public schools. The charter schools are very attractive to most parents who want their children to excel. However, in schools like KIPP schools, Harlem Success Academy, and The SEED School of Washington they cannot take too many students. The available slots are very few, and the applicants for them are very many. In that case, as is evident in the documentary, the schools have to run a public lottery for the available positions. In conclusion, I certainly agree with Guggenheims idea that lack of development, or economic stagnation is not to blame entirely on the teachers, but on the education system and the curriculum. In the 1970s, the current education system gave great results. However, times have changed. Economic needs and other aspects of the global market, as technologies have changed and the educational syllabus has remained constant. It is, therefore, important for school program to be in synchrony with economic demands. Additionally, in my opinion, education should start right from home. Parents ought to push their children a little bit, especially when the children do not show much interest in education. For example, Francisco does not like to go to school. I think this is because he does not get mentorship about the importance of education from home. Buy custom "Waiting for Superman" essay

Battle of Pea Ridge in the Civil War

Battle of Pea Ridge in the Civil War Battle of Pea Ridge - Conflict and Dates: The Battle of Pea Ridge was fought March 7-8, 1862, and was an early engagement of the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders: Union Brigadier General Samuel R. Curtis10,500 men Confederate Major General Earl Van Dorn16,000 men Battle of Pea Ridge - Background: In the wake of the disaster at Wilsons Creek in August 1861, Union forces in Missouri were reorganized into the Army of the Southwest. Numbering around 10,500, this command was given to Brigadier General Samuel R. Curtis with orders to push the Confederates out of the state. Despite their victory, the Confederates also altered their command structure as Major General Sterling Price and Brigadier General Benjamin McCulloch had shown an unwillingness to cooperate. To keep the peace, Major General Earl Van Dorn was given command of the Military District of the Trans-Mississippi and oversight of the Army of the West. Pressing south into northwest Arkansas in early 1862, Curtis established his army in a strong position facing south along Little Sugar Creek. Expecting a Confederate attack from that direction, his men began emplacing artillery and fortifying their position. Moving north with 16,000 men, Van Dorn hoped to destroy Curtis force and open the way to capture St. Louis. Eager to destroy outlying Union garrisons near Curtis base at Little Sugar Creek, Van Dorn led his men on a three-day forced march through severe winter weather. Battle of Pea Ridge - Moving to Attack: Reaching Bentonville, they failed to capture a Union force under Brigadier General Franz Sigel on March 6. Though his men were exhausted and he had outrun his supply train, Van Dorn began formulating an ambitious plan to assault Curtis army. Dividing his army in two, Van Dorn intended to march north of the Union position and strike Curtis from the rear on March 7. Van Dorn planned to lead one column east along a road known as the Bentonville Detour which ran along the north edge of Pea Ridge. After clearing the ridge they would turn south along the Telegraph Road and occupy the area around Elkhorn Tavern. Battle of Pea Ridge - McCullochs Defeat: The other column, led by McCulloch, was to skirt the western edge of Pea Ridge then turn east to join with Van Dorn and Price at the tavern. Reunited, the combined Confederate force would attack south to strike at the rear of the Union lines along Little Sugar Creek. While Curtis did not anticipate this type of envelopment, he did take the precaution of having trees felled across the Bentonville Detour. Delays slowed both Confederate columns and by dawn, Union scouts had detected both threats. Though still believing that Van Dorns main body was to the south, Curtis began shifting troops to block the threats. Due to the delays, Van Dorn issued instructions for McCulloch to reach Elkhorn by taking the Ford Road from Twelve Corner Church. As McCullochs men marched along the road, they encountered Union troops near the village of Leetown. Dispatched by Curtis, this was a mixed infantry-cavalry force led by Colonel Peter J. Osterhaus. Though badly outnumbered, the Union troops immediately attacked around 11:30 AM. Wheeling his men south, McCulloch counterattacked and pushed Osterhaus men back through a belt of timber. Reconnoitering the enemy lines, McCulloch encountered a group of Union skirmishers and was killed. As confusion began to reign in the Confederate lines, McCullochs second-in-command, Brigadier General James McIntosh, led a charge forward and was also killed. Unaware that he was now the senior officer on the field, Colonel Louis HÃ ©bert attacked on the Confederate left, while the regiments on the right remained in place awaiting orders. This assault was halted by the timely arrival of a Union division under Colonel Jefferson C. Davis. Though outnumbered, they turned the tables on the Southerners and captured HÃ ©bert later in the afternoon. With confusion in the ranks, Brigadier General Albert Pike assumed command around 3:00 (shortly before HÃ ©berts capture) and led those troops near him in a retreat north. Several hours later, with Colonel Elkanah Greer in command, many of these troops joined rest of the army at Cross Timber Hollow near Elkhorn Tavern. On the other side of the battlefield, fighting began around 9:30 when the lead elements of Van Dorns column encountered Union infantry in Cross Timber Hollow. Sent north by Curtis, Colonel Grenville Dodges brigade of Colonel Eugene Carrs 4th Division soon moved into a blocking position. Battle of Pea Ridge - Van Dorn Held: Rather than pressing forward and overwhelming Dodges small command, Van Dorn and Price paused to fully deploy their troops. Over the next several hours, Dodge was able to hold his position and was reinforced at 12:30 by a Colonel William Vandevers brigade. Ordered forward by Carr, Vandevers men attacked the Confederate lines but were forced back. As the afternoon wore on, Curtis continued to funnel units into the battle near Elkhorn, but Union troops were slowly pushed back. At 4:30, the Union position began to collapse and Carrs men retreated back past the tavern to Ruddicks Field about a quarter mile to the south. Reinforcing this line, Curtis ordered a counterattack but it was halted due to darkness. As both sides endured a cold night, Curtis busily shifted the bulk of his army to the Elkhorn line and had his men resupplied. Reinforced by the remnants of McCullochs division, Van Dorn prepared to renew the assault in the morning. Early in the morning, Brigadier Franz Sigel, Curtis second-in-command, instructed Osterhaus to survey the farmland to the west of Elkhorn. In doing do, the colonel located a knoll from which Union artillery could strike the Confederate lines. Quickly moving 21 guns to the hill, Union gunners opened fire after 8:00 AM and drove back their Confederate counterparts before shifting their fire to the Southern infantry. As Union troops moved into attack positions around 9:30, Van Dorn was horrified to learn that his supply train and reserve artillery was six hours away due to a mistaken order. Realizing he could not win, Van Dorn began retreating east along the Huntsville Road. At 10:30, with the Confederates beginning to leave the field, Sigel led the Union left forward. Driving the Confederates back, they retook the area near the tavern around noon. With the last of the enemy retreating, the battle came to an end. Battle of Pea Ridge - Aftermath: The Battle of Pea Ridge cost the Confederates approximately 2,000 casualties, while the Union suffered 203 killed, 980 wounded, and 201 missing. The victory effectively secured Missouri for the Union cause and ended the Confederate threat to the state. Pressing on, Curtis succeeded in taking Helena, AR in July. The Battle of Pea Ridge was one of the few battles where Confederate troops possessed a significant numerical advantage over the Union. Selected Sources CWSAC Battle Summaries: Battle of Pea RidgePea Ridge National Military ParkBattle of Pea Ridge Maps

A Survey of the Current State of Security in Smartphones Term Paper

A Survey of the Current State of Security in Smartphones - Term Paper Example This is why they have found their way into our everyday activities, and entrust them with our most valuable information. The down side to this is that since these technologies are used by people everyday and hold our most important information, they are also extremely prone to attacks. Personal computers can be hacked, or could get viruses and spyware, while networks are the target of security breaches, and of course, smartphones can be attacked as well. These technologies are targets for the same reason we use them; they are capable of running our lives. Nowadays, you can do banking from your home or phone. You can transfer bank funds via your network, you can keep the passwords of your utilities in your Smartphone, and you can also keep track of your stocks and other assets through these methods as well. Attacks come in different forms and target different kinds of information. This paper will focus on one of the above mentioned technologies, the smart phones, it will look at the k inds of attacks that could affect a smartphone, and look at current literature regarding available security options for smartphones. This paper will concentrate on smartphones and it will dig deeper into the current status of smartphone security. It will be discussed as: What is a smartphone? Discussion of literature regarding attacks on smartphones Discussion of literature regarding security options for smartphones. ... on a personal digital assistant or a computer.† This means that technically, smartphone is a miniature personal computer or laptop that is able to make calls because according to the article, â€Å"A smartphone also offers the ability to send and receive e-mail and edit Office documents, for example.† These kinds of features allow us to do banking, social networking, communication of multiple methods, and asset management through these devices. This is normally used and abused by business owners and company managers that need to bring their work wherever they go, or by entrepreneurs and free-lance employees and contractors as they may get work orders at any given time. These functions are very useful for people on the move on a regular basis, and even for people who feel the need to stay connected on a regular basis but as advanced these functions may be, they are also more prone to attacks such as viruses and spyware. When comparing regular phones to smartphones, althou gh smartphones generally have more capabilities, they are also much more prone to receiving and being affected by viruses, as some older phones either are not able to receive viruses or even if they do receive them, most to not have the ability to run them. Discussion of literature regarding attacks on smartphones As we know, there are many different smartphones, using different operating systems, with different interfaces and applications, and as previously mentioned, there may be just as many ways of attacking these smartphones. This part of the paper aims to discus current literature regarding the certain kinds of treats and attacks that smartphones are normally vulnerable to. This particular portion also would like to touch on some of the reasons why smartphones get infected or become targets of

Faculty of Business Environment and Society Essay - 7

Faculty of Business Environment and Society - Essay Example From this discussion stresses that  workforce engagement is referred to the concept which has become more and more mainstreamed into the management thought. It is observed as an inner state of being i.e. both emotional and mental, and physical; which brings together previous notions of organisational commitment, work effort, and job satisfaction. The definition of workforce/employee engagement gives three scopes to the workforce engagement: intellectual engagement, social engagement, and affective engagement.This study outlines that  managers of human resource department can promote the employees’ engagement within their own company or elsewhere by involving in different practices. Competent and passionate leadership is vital to workforce engagement. Showing an authentic interest in the employees as well as investing time to understand the aspirations and needs of workforce will help them to realise that their contribution in the firm is valued. Engaged workforce should be provided with the opportunity to effectively use their talents and should also be encouraged to expand those skills and talents to show their progress in the company. Managers should involve the workforce in discussions in order to help them to realise that their suggestions are valued and taken by the top management.  The companies should adopt people-focused customs/culture in their operations as employees are the biggest asset of the company.

The case of cadmium poisoning in japan Research Paper

The case of cadmium poisoning in japan - Research Paper Example In most zinc ores, this element occurs in minute quantities. Excessive exposure to the Cadmium chemical is the result of Cadmium Poisoning. Human exposure to Cadmium causes damage to the body. The high levels of toxic compounds in Cadmium are dangerous to humans and the environment. If the chemical is taken orally or inhaled, it can cause tremendous health issues for the human body, and there have been numerous reports of fatalities after exposure to the body. Immediately after contact of large amounts of Cadmium with the body, the Cadmium poisoning poses a threat to the body. Small amounts of the chemical do not require much to detox the body. However, according to reports, 10 milligrams of cadmium is dangerous to the body. The most common disease associated with Cadmium is the Itai-itai disease. It is a severe form of chronic Cadmium poisoning, and it is caused by prolonged oral Cadmium ingestion. It harms the body by causing renal and bone injury. During the initial stage, femoral pain and lumbago are present. This pain gradually spreads t hroughout the body. If pressure is applied to the bones, the pain increases. Additional damage to the bones can cause the body to worsen. If the patient is bed-ridden, the body continues to deteriorate. The first study presented in this research analysis of Cadmium Poisoning in Japan is a study on the â€Å"Influence of Drinking and/or Cooking with Jinzu River Water on the Development of Itai-Itai Disease.† The second study is a Comparison between â€Å"Cadmium in Rice and Renal Effects among inhabitants of the Jinzu River Basin.† The third study focuses on the â€Å"Influence of Consumption of Cadmium-Polluted Rice or Jinzu River Water on Occurrence of Renal Tubular Dysfunction and/or Itai-itai Disease.† According to the study on the â€Å"Influence of Drinking and/or Cooking with Jinzu River Water on the Development of Itai-itai Disease,† the authors’ focus was on evaluating the amount

Durkheims Study Of Suicide

Durkheims Study Of Suicide Durkheim was a sociologist of French origin born in year 1958 and died on the November of 1917. He instituted various academic disciplines and is considered as the current social science principal architect. He actually maintained dominancy in the field of social sciences until the time of his death. Durkheim also presented several sociological knowledge papers alongside religion. His studies such as the suicide study have actually picked a popular discourse. Most of Durkheims work involved social facts study, term which he developed so as to depict phenomena that is self-existent and which cannot be affected by individuals actions (Lukes, 1985). Durkheim considered social facts to possess sui generis, which is a self-sufficient existence which is greater as well as more objective when compared to the individuals actions which make up the society (Martin Lee, 1994). Contrary to the facts covered under natural sciences, social facts thereby refer to particular phenomena category and they as well exist independently, free from individual manifestations (Durkheim, 1951). Social facts of this kind are actually endowed with coercion power due to their capability to take control of personal behaviors (Martin Lee, 1994). In accordance to Durkheim, these types of phenomena should neither be condensed to psychological nor biological grounds (Martin Lee, 1994). Therefore, the phenomena which is considered as most individualistic, for instance suicide, would end up been classified as a fact which is socially objective. Durkheim further argued that the persons who compose the society do not cause suicide directly (Ritzer, 1992). He ba sed his argument on the fact that suicide being a social fact, its presence in the society is independent in spite of the prevailing desires of the individuals forming the society (Ritzer, 1992). Consequently, the departure of any individual from the society will have no effect on the suicide fact as the society which the individual leaves behind still contains suicide. Sociological tasks entail the discovery of various social facts characteristics which can only be revealed by the means of either experimental or quantitative approach (Hassard, 1995). For the case of the suicide study conducted by Durkheim, he particularly depended on statistics (Bellah, 1973). Durkheim is considered to be amongst the initial structural functionalism founders. In general, Durkheim discarded reductionist arguments (Durkheim, 1951). Instead, he focused on the cultural values and norms, social structures alongside social facts; which he considered as being external to every human being. Durkheims study classified suicide into four categories and provided evidence to one of his theories which states that suicide rate differences are as a resultant of changes in the immaterial social facts (Thompson, 2002). Durkheim is famous due to his social reality macro-level views and its relationship at individual level. Actually, Durkheim managed to make major contribution on the structural functionalism development alongside sociology in general (Durkheim, 1951). Basically, Durkheim explored the various suicide rates amongst different religious groups and specifically between the Catholics alongside the Protestants. He discovered that the suicide rates were lower amongst the Catholics when compared to the Protestants (Stark William, 1996). Durkheim believed that the low rates of suicide among the Catholic were a result of the religions vibrant social control mechanisms (Stark William, 1996). Consequently, he attributed the escalated suicide frequencies among the Protestants to the regions big freedom space. In Durkheims perspective, the catholic society integration level was normal but the Protestants integration levels were low (Stark William, 1996). However, this interpretation was faced by two major problems. First, Durkheim had relied on earlier researchers data, specifically Wagner, A. and Morselli, H (Stark William, 1996) who had basically generalized their individual data. Secondly, succeeding researchers discovered that the suicide r ates differences amongst the Protestants and Catholics tended to be prominent in the German-Speaking European part and thereby may only have been other factors spurious reflection (Pope Danigelis, 1981). In spite of its limitations, Durkheims suicide study has really influenced the control theory proponents (Pope Danigelis, 1981). Durkheim came up with four categories of suicide which included Egoist suicide, Fatalistic suicides, Altruist suicide alongside Anomic suicide (Thompson, 2002). Durkheim considered Egoistic suicides as those that result from the weakening of individual bonds that naturally integrate collectivity (Thompson, 2002). In different words, Egoistic suicides are caused by the social integration breakdown or even decrease. Durkheim associated this suicide type to excessive individuation implying that most victims initially become more detached from the other community members (Thompson, 2002). Generally, the individuals who are insufficiently committed to specific social groups: end up with minimal social support and hence the likelihood of them committing suicide is high (Thompson, 2002). For instance, Durkheim revealed that the unmarried people, specifically males, committed suicide more often than their married counterparts due to their less bondage with the established social norms goals . Apparently, similar problems affected the widows. Among 1Million widows aged 65 years, 628 of them committed suicide while amongst I million men aged 65 years, only 461 did commit suicide (Lukes, 1985). The sample composition was appropriate as the age bracket comprised of married men to the large extend (Almost 90%) (Lukes, 1985). Durkheims analysis however indicated that despite the fact that the widows had a higher likelihood of committing suicide than married persons, their suicide rate was lower when compared to that of single individuals (Ritzer, 1992). Durkheim linked the figures to the family factor as he was of the view that a simpler conclusion would turn out as problematic (Ritzer, 1992). It would be problematic due to the changes in the marriages numbers that occurred during this period as the suicide rates tripled. Significantly, Durkheim was quick to note that the factor was not simply marriage but a marriage that had children (Ritzer, 1992). This is because marriage s with children had lower suicide rates when compared to infertile families (Thompson, 2002). Thus, the main factor was considering family like a basic social unit but not marriage. Additionally, Durkheim further studied the wars and crises roles on suicide rates. He discovered during the course of social crises (for instance, revolutions) alongside wars; the suicide rates dropped remarkably (Bellah, 1973). In overall, he found out a more religious society had lower suicide rates and also the strength of family relationships determined the magnitude of suicide rate (Thompson, 2002). Moreover, the society integration greatly affected the suicide rate. On the other hand, Durkheim classified Altruistic suicides as those which occur in highly integrated societies in which the whole societys needs are more prioritized than individual needs (Thompson, 2002). Altruistic suicides therefore come about on a integration scale which is contrary to that of egoistic suicide (Thompson, 2002). Durkheim stated that the suicide rate in altruistic societies was generally low as personal interests were not viewed as important (Thompson, 2002). Durkheim viewed the armed forces with this perspective and was really surprising to find out that suicide rates occurred at a high rate within the military service (Thompson, 2002). It was startling due to the fact that the military, just like religions as well as cohesive societies should exhibit strong solidarity and moreover the people in the military are usually the most physically fit in the society (Durkheim, 1951).Besides, it was not right to attribute the suicide causes to either the military service h atred or even the failure to get used to military service routines (Durkheim, 1951).This was because it was evident that suicide rates were directly proportional to the military service length (Durkheim, 1951). Additionally, senior officers committed suicide at a higher rate than their juniors (Bellah, 1973). Moreover, the elite units were affected by higher suicide rates than the normal units (Bellah, 1973). Finally, the suicide rate was low in the units which demonstrated weaker military spirit (Bellah, 1973). Therefore, Durkheim stated that the senior military officers had to abandon the personal individuality to cope with the service requirements as it increased their risk of committing suicide (Lukes, 1985). Durkheim classified Anomic suicides as those which arise due to moral deregulation alongside the absence of legitimate aspirations definition through restrictive social ethic, which has the potential of imposing a different individual conscience meaning as well as order (Ritzer, 1992). This is indicative of economic development failure as well as the labor division to result to the organic solidarity of Durkheim (Ritzer, 1992). In this situation, people fail to recognize their appropriate positions in the society. Durkheim explained this moral disorder state as that which the desires of the individuals are limitless, thereby resulting to personal infinite disappointments (Ritzer, 1992). Lastly, Durkheim suggested that Fatalistic suicides mainly occur in the exceedingly oppressive societies which make people to opt for death other than continue living in such societies (Durkheim, 1951). Generally, this is one of the rarest reasons which can push an individual to committing suicide (Durkheim, 1951). However, fatalistic suicides are common features in prisons as individuals choose to die other than going on with the abusive, excessively regulated prison life which denies them the opportunity to fulfill their desires (Durkheim, 1951). The Durkheims suicide types had their basis on the twin social forces imbalance degrees which are the moral regulation alongside the social integration. Durkheim revealed how impacts on the social aggregate aspects such as; war can lead to increased altruism, booms in economy or catastrophe contribute to anomie. Durkheims suicide analysis indicates the way in which social facts on the contrary to biological as well as psychological facts can be stressed upon, and bring about constructive methods of examining individuals actions. Besides, suicide rates are considered as social facts as they express social currents that affect people and the society as whole. Despite the fact that psychology study is also essential in resolving individual motives and the process through which certain circumstances push people to committing suicide; it is equally important to undertake circumstances analysis within the prevailing individuals social currents (Durkheim, 1951). Durkheim as a matter of fact established that the suicide rates in males were higher than in females; the singles had a higher rate of committing suicide than the married; suicide rates were also higher in the infertile couples than the fertile ones; protestants committed more suicide incidences as compared to the Catholics alongside Jews; Soldiers were more vulnerable to suicide than Civilians; there were more suicide incidences in the peaceful times than in war periods; Scandinavian countries exhibited higher suicide rates and lastly the people who had accomplished higher education level were at a higher risk of committing suicide. However, the Durkheim suicide study has received a wide range of criticism from various sources. It has actually been criticized as the perfect example of logical error which is commonly termed as ecological fallacy (Freedman, 2002). Durkheims conclusions on personal behavior on the basis of aggregate statistics have been termed as misleading (Freedman, 2002). This is because the Simpsons (1987) paradox has revealed how erroneous it is to analyze micro events in macro properties terms. Nevertheless, diverging views have arisen on whether Durkheims work should actually be classified as ecological fallacy. Researchers such as Van Poppel (1996) alongside Day (1996) have proposed that suicide rates differences between different religious groups (such as the Catholics alongside the Protestants) could be entirely explained in terms of how the social groups categorized deaths. For example, while the protestants recorded sudden deaths alongside deaths resulting from unspecified causes as sui cides, this was not the case on the Catholics side (Thompson, 2002). Thereby, Durkheim error would be considered as empirical other than logical. Other researchers such as Gibbs, Inkeles, alongside Johnson have alleged that the main intention of Durkheim was to socially analyze suicide on the holistic perspective with the intention of expounding social environments variation within suicide incidences but not specific individuals suicides. In addition, researchers of the recent times like Berk (2006) have also queried the Durkheims work micro-macro linkages. Berk (2006) particularly noted that Durkheim spoke of collective current reflecting the joint inclination going down the social organization channels (Freedman, 2002). However, the current intensity is the determinant factor of the suicides volume thereby bringing about psychological variables like depression which could be viewed as independent or non-social suicide cause (Freedman, 2002). This thereby, ignores Durkheims concept ion of considering these variables as the mostly influenced by the wider social forces and the notion that suicide can not affect such individuals in the absence of these forces (Martin Lee, 1994). Apparently, Durkheim brings out issues that affect people directly. In addition, he tends to possess vibrant structural society view, as well as the mode in which everyone within the society is affected by various social facts and how it is a must for each to comply with them. Durkheim indeed tried to have the situation where the social roles are distinguished from psychological, economical alongside biological roles. This is actually be observed within his social influences view on the rate of suicides, in which he studies several factors and determines their effect on the propensity to commit suicide (Ritzer, 1992).

Bette Howlands Criticism of Henry Jamess Washington Square :: Henry James Washington Square

Bette Howland's Criticism of Henry James's Washington Square Bette Howland, in her criticism of Henry James's Washington Square, focuses on two different aspects of the story's development. She begins by impressing on the reader how Henry James himself viewed his creation and then plunges into the history behind the plot. In doing this, she describes how Henry James has used irony to make this story his own creation. Half way through the article she changes directions and shows how Washington Square is the forerunner of his other novels. She describes how they all have the same basic plot. According to Bette Howland, Henry James never cared for his novel Washington Square. He refers to it as "A poorish thing" and "a tale purely American" (1). In fact, when he compiled his stories in his New York Edition he omitted this story from its pages. He claimed that, "I've tried to read over Washington Square and I can't and I fear it must go" (1). Ms. Howland claims that it is "a fitting irony. You might say that like Dr. Sloper in the novel, James disinherited his heroine, he cut her out of his will" (1). The author of the criticism then focuses on how Henry James received the anecdote that he would transform into his novel. Henry James twists the basic story into his own work by way of irony. Dr. Sloper is at the center of James's irony. While Dr. Sloper criticizes Catherine as a simpleton who is "ugly and overdressed" (3) he states, "I expect nothing . . . so that if she gives me a surprise, it will be all clear gain. If she doesn't, it will be no loss" (3). This is ironical because he himself played a part in her creation. Bette Howland states that while Washington Square may lack the 'supersubtle' nuances of Henry James' future novels, it "offers his irony at its most efficient. The novel is a system of ironies a closed system. . . James is always doing two things at once. Except for Catherine, the characters are always describing themselves and each other . . . and everything they say cuts both ways" (5). Bette Howland also examines the similarities present between Washington Square and The Portrait of a Lady, The Wings of the Dove, and The Golden Bowl. In the four novels, Henry James uses his favorite configuration of a triangle.

A Letter To Myself Essay

No one knows you better than you know yourself.   Moreover, out of all you will experience receiving a letter from yourself 50 years ahead in space-time will be your most profound experience.   So, here I am communicating with myself to inform what I have to look forward to in life. In writing I’m remembering receiving this letter five decades ago.   The odd thing is remembering its receipt but experiencing the writing for the first time.   With only 500 words, rather than focus on the strangeness addressing what will be is my mission.   Your life will be a strange and cruel mix of wonder and despair.   You will experience a living nightmare for love.   You’ll marry a woman who’ll turn out to be schizophrenic.   Dealing with her will be more than troublesome, yet the finer qualities of your character will arise out of the ashes of that experience. Knowing I received this letter will not prevent you from having the experience.   We all are purposed to play a role in life.   Writing this letter affirms some things are inevitable, even when you know about them in advance. You’re at an age where talk of marriage and difficult times are somewhat distant to your experience.   You’re yet to reach your teen years and the joy those years will bring.   Like yourself mom will undergo a troublesome marriage after she and dad divorce.   What you see in her next marriage will be a prophecy for your own.   In the midst of seeing her struggles will be happenings in your life that others will envy.   You’ll be very popular in high school and college.   You’ll turn out to be a champion sprinter and hurdler, you’ll sing in a singing group that will gain national prominence and you’ll have girlfriends that most men could only hope for.   Your teen and early adult years will be rewarding.   Those times I still treasure all these years having passed. Your love for learning will be a beacon to illuminate the way through your marital troubles.   Your field of study, along with your faith would be means to help you recover from troublesome times following your marriage.   This will be a battle however, one that would probably break the average man.   You’ll spend almost two decades unraveling the turmoil you experienced in being married for one decade.   In this you’ll get to know yourself as few people do.   You’ll become very wise and insightful as a result and you’ll be a blessing for what life will take you through. Do not be dismayed at what tomorrow will bring, it will lead to wonderful ends.   You will have a son who will do well in life.   A woman will come into your life who will be a dream come true and you’ll wind up content in your living.   You will appreciate life’s foibles and remember , â€Å"Try not to become a man of success but a man of value.†Ã‚   (Albert Einstein, Great Quotations, pg. 225)   That’s what you’ll do I’m proud to say. References Einstein, Albert, The Great Quotations, 225, George Seldes, May, 1978.

How useful are the views of Anzac soldiers at Gallipoli suggested in Source A, B and C

All the sources are useful because even though they may not be reliable, they show the people's opinion of the Gallipoli campaign. Sources that show peoples opinion can be used to explore how the solders felt through out the wars. Source A was published in 1916, just one year after the Gallipoli campaign. This makes it a primary source, which could mean that its more reliable as it was written nearer the time, and details have had less time to be forgotten. It was made on the Gallipoli peninsular, which shows that the artist had an eye witness account this would mean he was relying on his own knowledge not someone else's. Although it as created by an Australian artist, which might mean it, is biased or exaggerated because he might want to make the Australians look better, it shows both the good and bad side of the war. The cartoons show two ANZAC soldiers as they looked during the Gallipoli campaign. The first cartoon shows a man in a large over coat, shoes that are to big for him, a gun, he's yawning and has skinny legs. The large coat and shoes that are to big for him suggest that the supplies aren't getting through and they are very low on resources so he has to use anything he can get. The skinny legs also show that there is a lack of food and that the soldiers are very weak. I know from my own knowledge that supplies weren't getting through and that food supplies were very low. Also there were thousand of flies, which infected the food so that the little food that was left was not edible. The title â€Å"another hopeless dawn† shows the soldiers feel that they are not getting anywhere and that they are not going to progress anywhere with the knew day. The source is quite reliable and is useful because it shows an actual account of the soldier's time in Gallipoli and is not over exaggerated to make them look better as it shows the positives and negatives. Therefore it can be use to show how the conditions affected the soldiers, it also shows what the soldiers looked like during the war. Source B is useful because it provides a historical account. However it maybe bias as an Australian writes it and he might want to make his army look better. It is a secondary source so it might be more reliable because there might be more sources available. Also the people who have written the sources he's based his book on have had time to recover from the shock they may have suffered and write the sources more accurately. I know part of it is truthful and is reliable, as I know that the citizen soldiers were trained from an early age for military. It is also similar to the feeling in Britain – † to be left behind was unthinkable. So we know that this part is truth and reliable. However, part of the source is unreliable as it is just one man's opinion (John Kegan). â€Å"New Zealanders skills with the rifle and spade would win them a reputation as the best soldiers in the war during the 20th Century. † We know this is not true as the New Zealanders lost their battle at the Gallipoli campaign to the Turks. As the British and French troops won most of their battles during the first and Second World War it could be argued that they were the stronger and better troops of the 20th Century. It also says in the source â€Å"†¦ ormidable offensive power, as the Turks were soon to discover† we know this is not true as they lost to the Turks. I also know the landings at Sulva bay went wrong for the ANZAC troops and also the landings at ANZAC cove and Cape Helles beach failed. This shows they cannot be the â€Å"formidable offensive power† the author makes them out to be and that he is maybe exaggerating what happened to make it his troops sound better. This source can be used as an insight as to what happen when the new Zealanders got called up to war, and what the New Zealand people thought of their troops. Source C is written by a reporter, but it is not clear as to what country he is from, the way he talks about the Australians suggest that he is not from Australia, but is impressed by them. He seems to over exaggerate the part they played in the war and the way they dealt with it. This would suggest the source is unreliable as it is his own opinion not actual facts. This source shows what some people thought of the Australians â€Å"it was great to watch them as they went†. It shows the high moral and ANZAC spirit that was present through the campaign, I know this is probably true because is very similar to what happened in Britain through out the first and second war there was arguably very high British spirit. It also has some inaccurate points i. e. ‘absolutely unaffected by the bullets' – this cannot be true as many troops were killed by bullets. I know that there were 200,000 allied casualties and some of these were from the ANZAC troops, therefore they weren't unaffected by bullets. This source is best used as an opinion and insight into what was thought of the Australians rather than as reliable account of what actually happened. In conclusion Sources A, B and C are useful in different ways. Source A is the most reliable and accurate account of what actually happened and could be used to show what actually happened. Source B and C is best used as opinions of what happened, where the truth may have been exaggerated or distorted. It can be used to show an account from the ANZAC point of view and how their people felt towards the campaign.

Free Essays on A Random Walk

A Random Walk Down Wall Street Burton G Malkiel, the author of A Random Walk Down Wall Street, gives me the reader an easy way understand information about personal investing in today’s stock market. The book is divided into four parts: Stocks and their values, how the pros play the biggest game in town, the new investment technology, and a practical guide for random walkers and other investors. This book reflects on many different aspects for an individual on what are the best ways for that person to invest their money. Random walk theory gained popularity in 1973 when Burton Malkiel wrote A Random Walk Down Wall Street, a book that is now regarded as an investment classic. Random walk is a stock market theory that states that the past movement or direction of the price of a stock or overall market cannot be used to predict its future movement. Originally examined by Maurice Kendall in 1953, the theory states that stock price fluctuations are independent of each other and have the same probability distribution, but, over a period of time, prices maintain an upward trend. In short, random walk says that stocks take a random and unpredictable path. The chance of a stock's future price going up is the same as it going down. A follower of random walk believes it is impossible to outperform the market without assuming additional risk. In his book, Malkiel preaches that both technical analysis and fundamental analysis are largely a waste of time and are still unproven in outperforming the markets. Malkiel constantly states that a long-term buy-end-hold strategy is the best and that individuals should not attempt to time the markets. Attempts based on technical, fundamental, or any other analysis is futile. He backs this up with statistics showing that most mutual funds fail to beat benchmark averages like the S&P 500. While many still follow the preaching of Malkiel, others believe that the investing landscape is very different th... Free Essays on A Random Walk Free Essays on A Random Walk A Random Walk Down Wall Street Burton G Malkiel, the author of A Random Walk Down Wall Street, gives me the reader an easy way understand information about personal investing in today’s stock market. The book is divided into four parts: Stocks and their values, how the pros play the biggest game in town, the new investment technology, and a practical guide for random walkers and other investors. This book reflects on many different aspects for an individual on what are the best ways for that person to invest their money. Random walk theory gained popularity in 1973 when Burton Malkiel wrote A Random Walk Down Wall Street, a book that is now regarded as an investment classic. Random walk is a stock market theory that states that the past movement or direction of the price of a stock or overall market cannot be used to predict its future movement. Originally examined by Maurice Kendall in 1953, the theory states that stock price fluctuations are independent of each other and have the same probability distribution, but, over a period of time, prices maintain an upward trend. In short, random walk says that stocks take a random and unpredictable path. The chance of a stock's future price going up is the same as it going down. A follower of random walk believes it is impossible to outperform the market without assuming additional risk. In his book, Malkiel preaches that both technical analysis and fundamental analysis are largely a waste of time and are still unproven in outperforming the markets. Malkiel constantly states that a long-term buy-end-hold strategy is the best and that individuals should not attempt to time the markets. Attempts based on technical, fundamental, or any other analysis is futile. He backs this up with statistics showing that most mutual funds fail to beat benchmark averages like the S&P 500. While many still follow the preaching of Malkiel, others believe that the investing landscape is very different th...

Discover the Distant, Frozen Oort Cloud

Discover the Distant, Frozen Oort Cloud Where do comets come from? Theres a dark, cold region of the solar system where chunks of ice mixed with rock, called cometary nuclei, orbit the Sun. This region is called the Oà ¶rt Cloud, named after the man who suggested its existence, Jan Oà ¶rt. The Oà ¶rt Cloud From Earth While this cloud of cometary nuclei is not visible to the naked eye, planetary scientists have been studying it for years. The future comets it contains are made mostly of mixtures of frozen water, methane, ethane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide, along with rock and dust grains. The Oà ¶rt Cloud by the Numbers The cloud of cometary bodies is widely dispersed through the outermost part of the solar system. Its very distant from us, with an inner boundary 10,000 times the Sun-Earth distance. At its outer edge, the cloud stretches into interplanetary space some 3.2 light-years. For comparison, the closest star to us is 4.2 light-years away, so the Oà ¶rt Cloud reaches almost that far.   Planetary scientists estimate the Oort Cloud has up to two trillion  icy objects orbiting the Sun, many of which make their way into solar orbit and become comets. There are two types of comets that come from the distant reaches of space, and it turns out they dont all come from the Oà ¶rt Cloud.   Comets and Their Origins Out There How do  Oà ¶rt Cloud objects become comets that go hurtling in orbit around the Sun? There are several ideas about that. Its possible that stars passing nearby, or tidal interactions within the disk of the  Milky Way, or interactions with gas and dust clouds give these icy bodies a kind of push out of their orbits in the Oà ¶rt Cloud. With their motions changed, theyre more likely to fall in toward the Sun on new orbits that take thousands of years for one trip around the Sun. These are called long-period comets. Other comets, called short-period comets, travel around the Sun in much shorter times, usually less than 200 years. They come from the Kuiper Belt, which is a roughly disk-shaped region that spans out from the orbit of Neptune. The Kuiper Belt has been in the news for the past couple of decades as astronomers discover new worlds within its boundaries. Dwarf planet  Pluto is a denizen of the Kuiper Belt, joined by Charon (its largest satellite), and the dwarf planets Eris, Haumea, Makemake, and Sedna. The Kuiper Belt extends from about 30 to 55 AU, and astronomers estimate it has hundreds of thousands of icy bodies larger than 62 miles across. It might also have about a trillion comets. (One AU, or astronomical unit, equals about 93 million miles.) Exploring the Parts of the Oà ¶rt Cloud The Oà ¶rt Cloud is divided into two parts. The first is the source of the long-period comets and may have trillions of cometary nuclei. The second is an inner cloud shaped roughly like a doughnut. It, too, is very rich in cometary nuclei and other dwarf-planet-sized objects. Astronomers also have found one small world that has a section of its orbit through the inner part of the Oà ¶rt Cloud. As they find more, they will be able to refine their ideas about where those objects originated back in the solar systems early history. The Oà ¶rt Cloud and Solar System History The Oà ¶rt Clouds cometary nuclei and Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) are icy remnants from the formation of the solar system, which took place about 4.6 billion years ago. Since both icy and dusty materials were interspersed throughout the primordial cloud, its likely that the Oà ¶rt Clouds frozen planetesimals formed much closer to the Sun early in history. That occurred alongside the formation of the planets and asteroids. Eventually, solar radiation either destroyed the cometary bodies closest to the Sun or they were collected together to become part of planets and their moons. The rest of the materials were slingshotted away from the Sun, along with the young gas giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) to the outer solar system to regions where other icy materials were orbiting. Its also very likely that some Oà ¶rt Cloud objects came from materials in a jointly shared pool of icy objects from protoplanetary disks. These disks formed around other stars that lay very close together in the Suns birth nebula. Once the Sun and its siblings formed, they drifted apart and dragged along the materials from other protoplanetary disks. They also became part of the  Oà ¶rt Cloud.   The outer regions of the distant outer solar system have not yet been deeply explored by spacecraft. The New Horizons  mission explored  Pluto in mid-2015, and there are plans to  study one other object beyond Pluto in 2019. Aside from those flybys, there are no other missions being built to pass through and study the Kuiper Belt and  Oà ¶rt Cloud. Oà ¶rt Clouds Everywhere! As astronomers study planets orbiting other stars, they are finding evidence of cometary bodies in those systems, too. These exoplanets form largely as our own system did, meaning that Oà ¶rt clouds could be an integral part of any planetary systems evolution and inventory.  At the very least, they tell scientists more about the formation and evolution of our own solar system.